Two new megastigmane glycosides from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and their anti-inflammatory activities.

Two new megastigmane glycosides, (6 R,7E,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionyl-9-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1''→4')-ß-D-glucopyranoside (1) and (6 R,7E,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionyl-9-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-(1''→6')-ß-D-glucopyranoside (2), together with six known analogues (3-8) were isolated from the leaves of Nicotiana tabacum. The structures of all metabolites were determined by comprehensive analysis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with those of previously reported. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of all isolates was evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammatory model, and the compounds 1, 3, 7, and 8 exhibited inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells with IC50 values of 42.3-61.7 µM (positive control, dexamethasone, IC50 = 21.3 ± 1.2 µM).

Effect of Different Carbon Sources on Antioxidant Properties of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Scleroderma areolatum (Agaricomycetes).

Five kinds of exopolysaccharides (EPS) were obtained by fermentation of Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb. with sucrose, glucose, maltose, lactose, and fructose as carbon sources. Antioxidant abilities of the obtained EPSs were evaluated by inhibiting AAPH, HO·, and glutathione (GS·) induced oxidation of DNA and quenching 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS· and galvinoxyl radicals. The effects of carbon sources on the antioxidant properties of EPSs could be examined. The results showed that five EPSs can effectively inhibit radicals induced oxidation of DNA, and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) percentages were 44.7%-80.8%, 52.3%-77.5%, and 44.7%-73.3% in inhibiting AAPH, HO·, and GS· induced oxidation of DNA, respectively. All five EPSs could scavenge ABTS· and galvinoxyh, and exhibit superior activity in scavenging free radicals. Antioxidant abilities of EPS with fructose as carbon source were highest among five EPS.

Comparative Study of the Effects of Dietary-Free and -Bound Nε-Carboxymethyllysine on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier.

Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) is produced by a nonenzymatic reaction between reducing sugar and ε-amino group of lysine in food and exists as free and bound forms with varying digestibility and absorption properties in vivo, causing diverse interactions with gut microbiota. The effects of different forms of dietary CML on the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier of mice were explored. Mice were exposed to free and bound CML for 12 weeks, and colonic morphology, gut microbiota, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal barrier, and receptor for AGE (RAGE) signaling cascades were measured. The results indicated that dietary-free CML increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing genera including Blautia, Faecalibacterium, Agathobacter, and Roseburia. In contrast, dietary-bound CML mainly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia. Moreover, dietary-free and -bound CML promoted the gene and protein expression of zonula occludens-1 and claudin-1. Additionally, the intake of free and bound CML caused an upregulation of RAGE expression but did not activate downstream inflammatory pathways due to the upregulation of oligosaccharyl transferase complex protein 48 (AGER1) expression, indicating a delicate balance between protective and proinflammatory effects in vivo. Dietary-free and -bound CML could modulate the gut microbiota community and increase tight-junction expression, and dietary-free CML might exert a higher potential benefit on gut microbiota and SCFAs than dietary-bound CML.

Changing the ionic strength can regulate the resistant starch content of binary complex including starch and protein or its hydrolysates.

Ionic strength condition is a crucial parameter for food processing, but it remains unclear how ionic strength alters the structure and digestibility of binary complexes containing starch and protein/protein hydrolysates. Here, the binary complex with varied ionic strength (0-0.40 M) was built by native corn starch (NS) and soy protein isolate (SPI)/hydrolysates (SPIH) through NaCl. The inclusion of SPI and SPIH allowed a compact network structure, especially the SPIH with reduced molecule size, which enriched the resistant starch (RS) of NS-SPIH. Particularly, the higher ionic strength caused the larger nonperiodic structures and induced loosener network structures, largely increasing the possibility of amylase for starch digestion and resulting in a decreased RS content from 19.07 % to 15.52 %. In other words, the SPIH hindered starch digestion while increasing ionic strength had the opposite effect, which should be considered in staple food production.

Effects of dietary dihydromyricetin on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response and intestinal microbiota of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

A 56-day culture trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary dihydromyricetin (DMY) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response and intestinal microbiota of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). 840 healthy shrimp (1.60 ± 0.21 g) in total were fed with four different levels of DMY diets at 0 (Control), 100 (D1), 200 (D2), and 300 (D3) mg/kg, respectively. Samples were collected after the culture trial, and then, a 7-day challenge experiment against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was conducted. The results demonstrated that DMY significantly enhanced the activity of protease, amylase and lipase as well as the expression of lipid and protein transport-related genes (P < 0.05). The results of plasma lipid parameters indicated that DMY reduced lipid deposition, manifested by significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plasma total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The expression of genes involved in fatty acid ß-oxidation and triglyceride catabolism was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05), and genes involved in triglyceride synthesis were significantly down-regulated in DMY groups when compared to control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary DMY also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), antioxidant enzymes activity and glutathione (GSH) content of shrimp, and a significant increase of total hemocytes count (THC), phagocytic rate (PR), antibacterial activity (AA) and bacteriolytic activity (BA) was observed in DMY groups (P < 0.05). The addition of DMY to the diet significantly augmented immune response by up-regulating the expression of genes related to toll-like receptors (Toll) signaling pathway, immune deficiency (IMD) signaling pathway and intestinal mucin. Furthermore, dietary DMY could modulate the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota. In conclusion, DMY showed promising potential as a functional feed additive for shrimp to improve the growth performance and physiological health.

Contrasting patterns of community-weighted mean traits and functional diversity in driving grassland productivity changes under N and P addition.

Fertilization could influence ecosystem structure and functioning through species turnover (ST) and intraspecific trait variation (ITV), especially in nutrient limited ecosystems. To quantify the relative importance of ITV and ST in driving community functional structure and productivity changes under nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) addition in semiarid grasslands. In this regard, we conducted a four-year fertilizer addition experiment in a semiarid grassland on the Loess Plateau, China. We examined how fertilization affects species-level leaf and root trait plasticity to evaluate the ability of plants to manifest different levels of traits in response to different N and P addition. Also, we assessed how ITV or ST dominated community-weighted mean (CWM) traits and functional diversity variations and evaluated their effects on grassland productivity. The results showed that the patterns of plasticity varied greatly among different plant species, and leaf and root traits showed coordinated variations following fertilization. Increasing the level of N and P increased CWM_specific leaf area (CWM_SLA), CWM_leaf N concentration (CWM_LN) and CWM_maximum plant height (CWM_Hmax) and ITV predominate these CWM traits variations. As a results, increased CWM_Hmax, CWM_LN and CWM_SLA positively influenced grassland productivity. In contrast, functional divergence decreased with increasing N and P and showed negative relationships with grassland productivity. Our results emphasized that CWM traits and functional diversity contrastingly drive changes in grassland productivity under N and P addition.

Immunotoxicity and the mechanisms of aflatoxin B1-induced growth retardation in shrimp and alleviating effects of bile acids.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins prevalent in the environment and food chain, posing severe health risks to humans and animals. Bile acids are natural detergents synthesized from cholesterol and play a key role in the excretion of toxins in vertebrates. Here, pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) served as an animal model to examine the toxicity mechanisms of AFB1 and assess the potential alleviating effects of bile acids against AFB1. Our results revealed that AFB1 exposure significantly inhibited the growth performance and immune response of shrimp, accompanied by AFB1 accumulation and histological damage. Mechanistically, AFB1-induced DNA damage activated DNA repair mechanisms and induced the arrest of cell cycle via the ATR-cyclin B/cdc2 pathway. Additionally, AFB1 directly suppressed the immune response and growth performance of shrimp by inhibiting Toll and IMD pathways and the secretion of digestive enzymes. Notably, dietary bile acids significantly reduced AFB1 accumulation and alleviated AFB1-induced growth retardation and immunotoxicity in shrimp, and CCKAR, ATR, and Relish may be key mediators of the alleviating effects of bile acids. Our study provided new insights into the toxicity mechanisms of AFB1 in invertebrates and highlighted the potential of bile acids to alleviate AFB1 toxicity.

Accuracy of Microimplant Placement Using a 3D Guide Plate for Orthodontic Anchorage.

This study aimed to design a three-dimensional (3D) guide plate using computer-aided design and a 3D printing system for precise implantation of microimplants for orthodontic treatment and investigate the accuracy and feasibility of a 3D guide plate in clinical practice. A total of 30 microimplants were placed in 15 patients in the Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University. Before surgery, DICOM data from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and STereoLithography data from the 3D model scan were imported to 3Shape Dental System. Data fitting and matching were performed, and 3D guide plates were designed primarily focusing on the thickness of guide plates, amount of concave compensation, and dimensions of the ring. Assist implantation method was used to place the microimplants, and postoperative CBCT images were used to evaluate the position and implantation angle. The feasibility of placing microimplants and precise implantation guided by the 3D guide plate. CBCT data before and after the placement of microimplants were compared. Regarding the secure positioning of microimplants based on CBCT data, 26 implants were categorized as Grade i, four as Grade ii, and none as Grade iii. No loosening of microimplants 1 and 3 months after surgery was reported. The implantation of microimplants is more accurate under the guidance of a 3D guide plate. This technology can achieve accurate implant positioning, thus ensuring safety, stability, and improved success rates after implantation.

Species differences in stoichiometric homeostasis affect grassland community stability under N and P addition.

Unbalanced N and P input has substantially altered the relative importance of N and P limitation in grassland ecosystems, which resulted in profound impacts on species nutrient cycling, community structure, and ecosystem stability. However, the underlying species-specific nutrient use strategy and stoichiometric homeostasis in driving community structure and stability changes remain unclear. A split-plot N and P addition experiment (main-plot: 0, 25, 50, and 100 kgN hm-2 a-1; subplot: 0, 20, 40, and 80 kgP2O5 hm-2 a-1) was conducted during 2017-2019 in two typical grasslands (perennial grass and perennial forb) communities in the Loess Plateau. The stoichiometric homeostasis of 10 main component species, species dominance, stability changes, and their contribution to community stability were investigated. Perennial legume and perennial clonal species tend to perform higher stoichiometric homeostasis than non-clonal and annual forb. Large shifts in species with high homeostasis vs. low homeostasis caused by N and P addition showed consistently profound impacts on community homeostasis and stability in both communities. In both two communities, species dominance performed significantly positive relationships with homeostasis under no N and P addition. P alone or combined with 25 kgN hm-2 a-1 addition strengthened species dominance-homeostasis relationship and increased community homeostasis due to increased perennial legumes. Under 50 and 100 kgN hm-2 a-1 combined with P addition, species dominance-homeostasis relationships were weakened, and community homeostasis decreased significantly in both communities, which was due to that increased annual and non-clonal forb suppressed perennial legume and clonal species. Our results demonstrated that trait-based classifications of species-level homeostasis offer a reliable tool in predicting species performance and community stability under N and P addition, and conserving species with high homeostasis is important to enhance semiarid grassland ecosystem function stability on the Loess Plateau.

Comparison of pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and excretion of free and bound Nε-carboxymethyllysine in rats by HPLC-MS/MS.

As a representative product of advanced glycation end products, Nɛ-carboxymethyllysine (CML) exists in free and bound forms in vivo and in food with different bioavailability. To thoroughly understand the bioavailability of free Nɛ-carboxymethyllysine (CML) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)-CML in vivo after intragastric administration, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and excretion of CML in rats were investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetics results revealed that free CML peaked at 1.83 h (1684.72 ± 78.08 ng/mL) and 1.33 h (1440.84 ± 72.48 ng/mL) in serum after intragastric administration of free CML and BSA-CML, demonstrating the higher absorption of free CML than BSA-CML. Besides, dietary free CML exhibited a relatively lower body clearance and tissue distribution than dietary BSA-CML based on the apparent volume of distribution and body clearance. Moreover, free CML was concentrated in the kidneys, indicating that kidneys were the target organ for the uptake of absorbed free CML. Additionally, the total excretion rate of CML in urine and feces were 37% and 60% after oral administration of free CML and BSA-CML. These results shed pivotal light on a better understanding of the biological effects of free and bound CML on health.

Comparison of metabolic fate, target organs, and microbiota interactions of free and bound dietary advanced glycation end products.

Increased intake of Western diets and ultra-processed foods is accompanied by increased intake of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs can be generated exogenously in the thermal processing of food and endogenously in the human body, which associated with various chronic diseases. In food, AGEs can be divided into free and bound forms, which differ in their bioavailability, digestion, absorption, gut microbial interactions and untargeted metabolites. We summarized the measurements and contents of free and bound AGE in foods. Moreover, the ingestion, digestion, absorption, excretion, gut microbiota interactions, and metabolites and metabolic pathways between free and bound AGEs based on animal and human studies were compared. Bound AGEs were predominant in most of the selected foods, while beer and soy sauce were rich in free AGEs. Only 10%-30% of AGEs were absorbed into the systemic circulation when orally administered. The excretion of ingested free and bound AGEs was approximately 90% and 60%, respectively. Dietary free CML has a detrimental effect on gut microbiota composition, while bound AGEs have both detrimental and beneficial impacts. Free and bound dietary AGEs changed amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. And besides, bound dietary AGEs altered vitamin metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism.

Galactooligosaccharides ameliorate dietary advanced glycation end product-induced intestinal barrier damage in C57BL/6 mice by modulation of the intestinal microbiome.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are increasingly recognized as potentially pathogenic components of processed foods, and long-term consumption of dietary AGEs triggers disruption of the intestinal barrier integrity and increases the risk of chronic diseases. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) as prebiotics can modulate the intestinal microbiota and improve the intestinal barrier integrity. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether GOS could ameliorate the intestinal barrier damage induced by AGEs. The results showed an increased number of goblet cells (AGEs vs. H-GOS, 133.4 vs. 174.7, p < 0.05) and neutral mucin area (PAS positive area, 7.29% vs. 10.05%, p < 0.05). Upregulated expressions of occludin and claudin-1 and improved intestinal barrier integrity were observed in the H-GOS group. Using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, we found that GOS significantly reduced the high enrichment of Akkermansia (16.95% vs. 1.29%, p < 0.05) induced by dietary AGEs while increasing the content of short-chain fatty acids. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) showed that AGE-induced damage to the intestinal mucus barrier was reversed in the H-GOS transplanted group. Collectively, GOS ameliorated dietary AGE-induced intestinal barrier damage by reversing the dysregulated state of the intestinal microbiota. Our study lays the foundation for further research on dietary guidelines for populations with high AGE diets.

Transmission Pattern of Measles Virus Circulating in China During 1993-2021: Genotyping Evidence Supports That China Is Approaching Measles Elimination.

BACKGROUND: To provide useful insights into measles elimination progress in China, measles surveillance data were reviewed, and the transmission patterns of measles viruses circulating in China during 1993-2021 were analyzed. METHODS: Measles incidence data from the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System of the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. A total of 17 570 strains were obtained from 30 of 31 provinces in mainland China during 1993-2021. The recommended genotyping window was amplified. Genotyping analysis was conducted for comparison with the reference strains. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify genetic relationships among different lineages within the genotypes. RESULTS: With high coverage of routine immunization and intensive supplementary immunization activities, measles incidence has shown a downward trend since 1993, despite 2 resurgences, reaching a historic low level in 2020-2021 (average 0.5 per million). During 1993-2021, 9 genotypes including domestic genotype H1; imported genotypes B3, D4, D8, D9, D11, G3, and H2; and vaccine-associated genotype A were identified. Among them, the genotype H1 strain circulated endemically in China for more than 25 years; the last strain was detected in Yunnan Province in September 2019. Multiple imported genotypes have been identified since 2009 showing different transmission patterns. Since April 2020, no imported strains have been detected, while vaccine-associated genotype A continues to be detected. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence of low incidence during 2020-2021 and virological surveillance data in this study confirm that China is currently approaching measles elimination.

Leaf Photosynthetic and Functional Traits of Grassland Dominant Species in Response to Nutrient Addition on the Chinese Loess Plateau.

Leaf photosynthetic and functional traits of dominant species are important for understanding grassland community dynamics under imbalanced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs. Here, the effects of N (N0, N50, and N100, corresponding to 0, 50, and 100 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively) or/and P additions (P0, P40, and P80, corresponding to 0, 40, and 80 kg ha-1 yr-1) on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf economic traits of three dominant species (two grasses: Bothriochloa ischaemum and Stipa bungeana; a leguminous subshrub: Lespedeza davurica) were investigated in a semiarid grassland community on the Loess Plateau of China. Results showed that, after a three-year N addition, all three species had higher specific leaf area (SLA), leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value), maximum net photosynthetic rate (PNmax), and leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), while also having a lower leaf dry matter content (LDMC). The two grasses, B. ischaemum and S. bungeana, showed greater increases in PNmax and SLA than the subshrub L. davurica. P addition alone had no noticeable effect on the PNmax of the two grasses while it significantly increased the PNmax of L. davurica. There was an evident synergetic effect of the addition of N and P combined on photosynthetic traits and most leaf economic traits in the three species. All species had relatively high PNmax and SLA under the addition of N50 combined with P40. Overall, this study suggests that N and P addition shifted leaf economic traits towards a greater light harvesting ability and, thus, elevated photosynthesis in the three dominant species of a semiarid grassland community, and this was achieved by species-specific responses in leaf functional traits. These results may provide insights into grassland restoration and the assessment of community development in the context of atmospheric N deposition and intensive agricultural fertilization.

Effects of dietary trans-cinnamaldehyde on growth performance, lipid metabolism, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on growth performance, lipid metabolism, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 3 replicants in each group and 70 shrimp in each replicant. The contents of TC in the four groups were 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g kg-1, respectively. Samples were taken after 56 days, followed by a 7-day vibrio harveyi challenge experiment. The results showed that TC significantly improved the growth performance by enhancing the activity of digestive enzymes in shrimp (P < 0.05). TC also reduced the content of crude fat (P < 0.05). The addition of TC to the diet attenuated lipid deposition, as evidenced by a reduction in the content of crude fat and a decrease in plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (P < 0.05). The expression of key genes for fatty acid and triglycerides synthesis were significantly down-regulated and key genes for fatty acid ß-oxidation were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). In addition, the immune response and antioxidant capability of shrimp were significantly enhanced by the addition of TC to the diet (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, TC could improve intestinal health by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, but had no significant effect on alpha diversity and beta diversity (P > 0.05). In addition, the results of histopathological sections and plasma transaminase studies showed that TC could improve the health status of hepatopancreas and was a safe nutritional supplement. After the 7-day Vibrio harveyi challenge, the cumulative mortality of shrimp decreased with increasing levels of dietary TC compared with control group (P < 0.05). These results suggested that TC could be used as a nutritional supplement for shrimp to enhance disease resistance and reduce lipid accumulation.

Highland barley ß-glucan alleviated western diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via increasing energy expenditure and regulating bile acid metabolism in mice.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a public health burden. Controlling bile acids (BAs) metabolism and energy expenditure are  potential therapies for NAFLD. Because one of the main health effects of cereal ß-glucan (BG) is its ability to lower cholesterol by interacting with BAs, BG may regulate imbalances of the metabolism of BAs during NAFLD. Therefore, by using metabolic tests coupled with the profiling of hepatic BAs, we have assessed the effect of BG from highland barley on western diet (WD) induced NAFLD mice. BG treatment prevented fat accumulation and increased adipose lipolysis. These moderating effects were associated with an increased energy expenditure. Moreover, BG-treated mice enhanced the production of hepatic BAs, which may be connected with the activation of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling in the liver and inhibition of FXR signaling in the ileum. Our results suggest that BG prevents fat accumulation by increasing energy expenditure, a mechanism associated with major changes in the composition of hepatic BAs.

Comparison of tissue distribution of free and protein bound Nɛ-carboxymethyllysine after long-term oral administration to mice.

Nɛ-Carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) is a primary advanced glycation end product that exists in the body and food as free and bound forms with different bioavailability and physiological effects. To compare the uptake, tissue distribution, and fecal excretion of dietary free and bound CML, free or bound CML were administered to healthy mice at 10 mg CML kg-1 body weight per day for 12 weeks. The results demonstrated that free CML was significantly absorbed in serum and accumulated in the colon, ileum, lung, kidneys, heart, spleen, brain, and liver after intake of free and bound CML, whereas no statistical increase was found in the accumulation of bound CML in the serum, lung, spleen, kidneys, and liver. The colon was the main tissue for the accumulation of free and total CML. Moreover, the accumulation of free CML in tissues and organs was significantly correlated with free CML levels in serum. In conclusion, consumption of bound CML caused a higher uptake, accumulation, and fecal excretion of CML in the body than intake of free CML.

A monolithic three-dimensional thermal convective acoustic vector sensor with acoustic-transparent heat sink.

An acoustic vector sensor can directly detect acoustic particle velocity based on the measured temperature difference between closely spaced heated wires. For the detection of velocity in three dimensions, an integrated three-dimensional (3 D) sensor is desired, but it remains challenging in MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) manufacturing. Here, a novel monolithic 3 D acoustic vector sensor is proposed, which is constructed using in-plane distributed wires assembled with acoustically transparent heat sink. The planar MEMS structure of the proposed sensor makes it easy to be fabricated and packaged. This work offers a new method for the design of acoustic vector sensors and other thermal convection-based MEMS sensors.

Mumps serological surveillance following 10 years of a one-dose mumps-containing-vaccine policy in Fujian Province, China.

BACKGROUND: Since 2008, Fujian province provided measles-rubella (MR) vaccine at 8 months followed by measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine at 18 months a one-dose mumps-containing-vaccine (MuCV) schedule. Several mumps outbreaks have occurred recently in Fujian. Serological surveillance can assess population immunity to mumps and identify risk factors for mumps. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey of mumps IgG antibodies in the general population of Fujian Province in 2018 and compare results with a similar study conducted in 2009, when the routine schedule had no MuCV. We analyzed changes in mumps epidemiology after implementation of a one-dose MuCV vaccination strategy. RESULTS: Mumps seroprevalence was 78.6% (95% CI: 77.4-79.8), and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of mumps antibodies was 245.8 IU/ml (95% CI:237.3-255.1). MuCV vaccination at 18 months resulted in increased seroprevalence and GMCs. Seroprevalence and GMCs varied by age, gender, and number of doses received. Except for children under 18 months, seroprevalence and GMCs were lowest among 10-15-year-olds. Each year after introduction of the one-dose MuCV vaccination policy, the highest incidence of mumps was among 4-6-year-olds and 9-15-year-olds, gradually shifting to older age groups. CONCLUSION: A one-dose mumps-containing vaccine schedule does not provide sustained and stable mumps immunity in Fujian. To reduce the risk of mumps, we recommend supplementary vaccination of children without a history of receiving at least one MuCV dose or who are seronegative at 10-15 years of age.